Laser therapy uses high-depth mild to treat cancer by shrinking or destroying tumors or precancerous growths. Lasers are most commonly used to take care of superficial cancers that happen to be about the surface of the human body or even the lining of interior organs. It really is utilized to deal with basal mobile skin most cancers as well as the very early phases of others like cervical, penile, vaginal, vulvar, and non-smaller cell lung cancer. It is frequently coupled with other therapies, such as operation, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy.
[238] Individuals from Asian and South American nations also are likely to want a slower, less candid method of disclosure than is idealized in America and Western Europe, they usually feel that in some cases It will be preferable never to be instructed a couple of cancer diagnosis.[238] In general, 癌症 disclosure of the analysis is much more widespread than it was in the twentieth century, but entire disclosure on the prognosis just isn't provided to many people throughout the world.[238]
Cancers usually crop up from an assemblage of mutations and epimutations that confer a selective gain bringing about clonal enlargement (see Subject defects in progression to cancer). Mutations, nevertheless, might not be as frequent in cancers as epigenetic alterations.
As opposed to treatment that may be targeted at immediately killing most cancers cells, the principal objective of palliative care is to enhance quality of life.
另一方面，現在有些方法則是想利用身體本身的免疫系統產生非專一性的免疫反應來對抗癌細胞，例如卡介苗膀胱內灌注免疫療法（英语：intravesical BCG immunotherapy）將卡介苗灌注進入膀胱內，以引發免疫反應對抗表淺性膀胱癌（英语：superficial bladder most cancers）。此外使用干擾素和介白質素，均可引起免疫反應。而使用疫苗所產生的免疫反應來對抗腫瘤的研究也正在進行當中，尤其是針對惡性黑色素瘤與腎細胞腫瘤（英语：renal cell carcinoma））。
A very well-regarded example of this is the Philadelphia chromosome, or translocation of chromosomes nine and 22, which happens in Persistent myelogenous leukemia and brings about manufacture of the BCR-abl fusion protein, an oncogenic tyrosine kinase.
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Epigenetic alterations arise routinely in cancers. For instance, one particular review mentioned protein coding genes that were regularly altered inside their methylation in Affiliation with colon most cancers.
确定用于癌症预防和控制的“最合算措施”和其他具有成本效益的重点策略；
大约三分之一的癌症死亡源自烟草使用、高体重指数、酒精消费、水果和蔬菜摄入量低以及缺乏身体活动。此外，空气污染是肺癌的一个重要危险因素。
癌症早期症狀多不明顯，篩檢能夠早期發現癌症或其癌前病變，經早期診斷治療後，除了可以大幅降低死亡率外，也能阻止癌前病變細胞發展為癌症。
免疫系统对癌症的异常反应。在某些情况下，身体的免疫系统可能通过攻击健康细胞来对癌症作出反应。这些非常罕见的反应称为副肿瘤综合征，会导致各种体征和症状，如行走困难和癫痫发作。
癌症治療會有許多後遺症，過程十分不易，因此治療後的照顧相當重要，包括疼痛控制、改善食慾、心理調適等，需要不同醫療團隊的合作，提高癌症病人的生活品質。（延伸閱讀：不是放棄治療！剖析緩和與安寧照護的真相）
癌症扩散。随着癌症进展，它可能扩散（转移）到身体其他部位。癌症扩散到哪里取决于所患癌症的类型。